목차

특집2

신자유주의와 대학 구조조정 *


MARX21

주

  • 출처: Alex Callinicos with a preface by Paul Mackney, Universities in a Neoliberal World(Bookmarks), 2006.

    ↩
  1. www.hesa.ac.kr/holidocs/pubinfo/student/institution0405.html ↩
  2. HEFCE, Young Participation in Higher Education, January 2005, www.gefce.ac.uk ↩
  3. P Hitchens, “Why Does Everyone Find it So Hard to Understand the Tories?”, 17 May 2006, www.hitchensblog.mailonsunday.co.uk ↩
  4. Department for Education and Skills, The Future of Higher Education, Cm 5735, January 2003, www.dfes.gov.uk, para 6.1, p68. ↩
  5. D Harvey, A Short History of Neoliberalism(Oxford, 2005), p15.[국역: 《신자유주의》, 한울, 2009] ↩
  6. G Duménil and D Lévy, “Neoliberal Income Trends”, New Left Review, II/30(2004), pp111, 119. ↩
  7. M Brewer et al, Poverty and Inequality in Britain: 2006, Institute of Fiscal Studies, March 2006, www.ifs.org.uk, p24. ↩
  8. 이 글에서는 교수와 강사 등 대학에서 학생들을 가르치는 사람들을 통틀어 교원이라고 칭했다 - M21 ↩
  9. C Leadbeater, Living on Thin Air(Lodon, 2000), p8. ↩
  10. T L Friedman, The World is Flat(London, 2005), p10.[국역: 《세계는 평평하다》, 창해, 2006] ↩
  11. 특히 A Callinicos, Against the Third Way(Cambridge, 2001), ch1과 An Anti-Capitalist Manifesto(Cambridge, 2003)을 보시오. ↩
  12. B Benoit and R Milne, “Germany’s Exporters are Beating the World”, Financial Times, 27 April 2006. ↩
  13. J Johnson, “Asia Faces Jobs Crisis that Could Hit Growth”, Financial Times, 27 April 2006. ↩
  14. R Brenner, “Towards the Precipice”, London Review of Books, 6 February 2003. Brenner의 The Boom and the Bubble(London, 2002)도 보시오. ↩
  15. 영국에서는 부총장이 실질적으로 대학 행정을 책임지고 총장은 대학 운영에 참여하지 않는 명예직일 뿐이다 — 옮긴이 ↩
  16. 고든 브라운은 1997년부터 2007년까지 영국 재무부 장관을 지냈고, 그 뒤 2007년 6월부터 3년간 총리를 지낸 영국 노동당 정치인이다 ─ M21 ↩
  17. H M Treasury, Science and Innovation Investment Framework 2004-2014, July 2004, www.hm-treasury.gov.uk, para 1.1, p5. ↩
  18. 같은 책, para1.19, pp10-11. ↩
  19. The Future of Higher Education, p2. ↩
  20. Lambert Review of Business-University Collaboration: Final Report, December 2003, www.lambertreview.org.uk, para2.4, p15, para 2.6, p17. ↩
  21. 같은 책, para 2.10, p18. ↩
  22. 같은 책, para 1.17, p11. ↩
  23. 같은 책, para 1.19, p11. ↩
  24. 같은 책, para 1.3, p9. ↩
  25. Science and Innovation Investment Framework 2004-2014, Appendix B, “Setting Targets and Measuring Progress”. ↩
  26. Science and Innovation Investment Framework 2004-2014, paras 1.4, 1.6, p7. ↩
  27. 지표에서 바로 광물을 캐내는 광산 ─ M21 ↩
  28. C Leadbeater, Living in Thin Air, p114. ↩
  29. 예컨대, A Cockburn and R Blackburn (eds), Student Power(Harmondswoth, 1969). ↩
  30. AUT, “The Pay Campaign in Brief”, www.aut.org.uk/paybacktime ↩
  31. 폴리테크닉은 과학·기술 전문학교이고, 칼리지는 16세까지 의무교육을 마친 후 대학 입시 준비나 전문적 훈련을 받기 위해 진학하는 2년제 교육기관이다 — M21 ↩
  32. AUT, “The Academic Pay Shortfall 1981-2003”, www.aut.org.uk ↩
  33. H M Treasury, Science and Innovation Investment Framework 2004-2014: Next Steps, March 2006, www.hm-treasuty.gov.uk, ch4. ↩
  34. HEFCE, RAE 2008: Guidance on Submissions, June 2005, www.rae,ac.uk, Appendix A, p31. ↩
  35. Lambert Review, Table 6.1, p82. ↩
  36. 한국에서 서울대학교, 고려대학교, 연세대학교의 영문 머리 글자를 따 SKY라고 부르듯이 옥스퍼드와 케임브리지를 합쳐 부르는 말 — 옮긴이 ↩
  37. House of Commons Education and Skills Committee, The Future of Higher Education: Fifth Report of Session 2002-3, 1, HC 425-1, 10 July 2003, www.dfes.gov.uk, paras 8 and 9, p8. ↩
  38. The Future of Higher Education, para 1.14, pp13-14. ↩
  39. 모듈은 영국 대학에서 교육 과정의 일부가 되는 단위이다. 모듈화는 모든 학습 내용을 단위화하여, 학생들이 필요에 따라 단위모듈을 조합해 학습 과정을 짜도록 하는 것이다. 단위모듈을 구성하는 요소는 강의, 세미나 등 매우 다양하다 ─ M21 ↩
  40. 1년을 3분기로 나눠 중간 분기는 방학이고 나머지 두 분기는 수강 학기인 학제 — M21 ↩
  41. D McLoed, “Overseas Student Numbers Rise”, Guardian, 13 March 2006. ↩
  42. D MacLoed, “International Rescue”, Guardian, 18 April 2006. ↩
  43. Lambert Review, para 7.10, p95, para 7.23, p99. ↩
  44. M Taylor, “AUT Calls for Inquiry into Vice-Chancellors’ Pay”, Guardian, 9 March 2006. ↩
  45. G Duménil and D Lévy, “Neoliberal Trends”, pp116-118. ↩
  46. “Third Stream as Second Mission”, 18 May 2006, www.hefce.ac.uk ↩
  47. J Boone, “Academics Learn to License Inventions”, Financial Times, 26 July 2006. ↩
  48. J Boone, “University Company Sells Stake for ₤25 Million”, Financial Times, 21 July 2006. ↩
  49. J Boone, “Most Colleges ‘Set to Sign Technology Transfer Deals’”, Financial Times, 1 August 2006. ↩
  50. A H Halsey, Decline of Donnish Domination(Oxford, 1992), pp6, 176. ↩
  51. 같은 책, p129. ↩
  52. 같은 책, p131. ↩
  53. 같은 책, p136. ↩
  54. C Bryson, “What about the Workers? The Expansion of Higher Education and the Transformation of Academic Work”, Industrial Relations Journal, 35(2004)를 보시오. ↩
  55. C Bryson, Hiring Lectures by the Hour, Natfhe, April 2005, ww.natfhe.org.uk ↩
  56. C Bryson, “The Consequences for Women in the Academic Profession of the Widespread Use of Fixed Term Contracts”, Gender, Work and Organisation, 11(2004). ↩
  57. C Johnston, “Figures Show Rise in Part-Time Academic Staff”, Guardian, 20 February 2006. ↩
  58. A H Halsey, Decline of Donnish Domination, p95. ↩
  59. A H Halsey et al, Origins and Destinations(Oxford, 1980), pp205-206. ↩
  60. A Callinicos and C Harman, The Changing Working Class(London, 1987)[국역: 《노동자 계급에게 안녕을 말할 때인가》, 책갈피, 2001]를 보시오. ↩
  61. Young Participation in Higher Education, pp9, 10-11, 41. ↩
  62. 중등 교육 자격 검정 시험. 의무교육인 11학년까지의 학업 성취도를 평가하는 시험으로 5과목에서 C학점 이상을 취득해야 통과한다 — 옮긴이 ↩
  63. 같은 책, pp137-138. ↩
  64. D MacLeod, “Equality ‘Would Double University Admissions’”, Guardian, 19 January 2005. ↩
  65. B Barry, Why Social Justice Matters(Cambridge, 2005). ↩
  66. H M Treasury, Tackling Poverty and Extending Opportunity, March 1999, www.hm-treasury.gov.uk, para 3.15, p32. ↩
  67. Higher Education Policy Institute, “Demand for Higher Education till 2020”, 21 March 2006, www.hepi.ac.uk ↩
  68. C Giles and J Wilson, “State Largesse Brings Hope but Little Change”, Financial Times, 19 September 2006. ↩
  69. 추가등록금top-up fees은 2006년 가을 학기부터 대학생들에게 적용된 등록금제로, 대학 당국이 최고 1천2백50파운드였던 기존 등록금에 더해 수강료를 1년에 최고 3천2백25파운드까지 추가로 걷을 수 있는 제도다 — M21 ↩
  70. A Smith, “Government Failing to Widen University Access, Figures Show”, Guardian, 20 July 2006. ↩
  71. D MacLeod, “Fees Concern over Fall in University Applications”, Guardian, 15 December 2005. ↩
  72. 대학에 진학하려면 쳐야 하는 일종의 대학 입학 자격 시험이다. 한 과목당 A학점은 10점, B학점은 8점, C학점은 6점 식으로 점수를 얻으며, 보통은 세 과목 18점 이상 취득을 기본 요건으로 한다 — 옮긴이 ↩
  73. M Taylor, “Fees Deter State School Pupils from University”, Guardian, 22 June 2006. ↩
  74. R Garner and B Russell, “Private School Stranglehold on Top Jobs”, Independent, 15 June 2006. ↩
  75. M Green, “Universities and Local Power Vital to Recovery of Leading Cities, Says Study”, Financial Times, 8 March 2006. ↩
  76. L Ward, “Poor Students Shoulder Debt for Learning”, Guardian, 19 November 2003. ↩
  77. “Fees to Triple Student Debt, Says Report”, Guardian, 28 January 2005. ↩
  78. TUC/NUS, All Work and No Pay, 2006, www.tuc.org.uk, pp6, 4. ↩
  79. C Harman et al, Education, Capitalism, and the Student Revolt(London, 1969), G Stedman Jones, “The Meaning of the Student Revolt”, in A Cockburn and T Blackburn (eds), Student Power, and A Callinicos and S Turner, “The Student Movement Today”, International Socialism, I.75(1975). ↩
  80. The Future of Higher Education, para 5.5, p59. ↩
  81. S Kouvelakis, “France: From Revolt to Alternative”, International Socialist Tendency Discussion Bulletin, no 8, July 2006, www.istendency.net, p5. ↩
  82. 같은 글, p6. ↩
  83. “Trend to Drop Philosophy No Bad Things, Says Rammell”, Guardian, 15 February 2006. ↩
  84. 이런 변화에 관한 분석은 R Jacoby, The Last Intellectuals(New York, 1987)을 보시오. ↩
  85. A Callinocos, “Alternatives to Neoliberalism”, Socialist Review, July 2006을 보시오. ↩
질문/의견