목차

특집:세계를 뒤흔드는 아랍 혁명 ― 의미와 전망

나세르에서 무바라크까지 *

MARX21

  • 출처: Eric Ruder, ‘Egypt, Israel, and the U.S. From Nasserism to collaboration’, International Socialist Review 70(March–April 2010).

  1. Rory McCarthy, “Egypt building underground metal wall to curb smuggling into Gaza,” Guardian, December 10, 2009, and Lina Attalah, “Will Egypt’s underground wall end the Gaza tunnel trade?” Electronic Intifada, January 8, 2010. 가자 지구의 경제에 터널이 얼마나 중요한지 알고 싶으면 Eric Ruder, “Gaza’s tunnel economy,” Socialist Worker, August 19, 2009를 보시오.
  2. Eric Ruder, “A victory for Viva Palestina,” Socialist Worker, January 8, 2010.
  3. Ursula Lindsey, “Egypt’s wall,” Middle East Report Online, February 1, 2010,
    http://www.merip.org/mero/mero020110.html
  4. Ibid.
  5. Lloyd C. Gardner, Three Kings: The Rise of an American Empire in the Middle East After World War II (New York: The New Press, 2009), 136에서 인용.
  6. Ibid., 151-52.
  7. Ibid., 148.
  8. Ibid., 157.
  9. Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (New York: Warner Books, 1991), 410.
  10. Marie-Christine Aulas, “State and ideology in republican Egypt,” in Fred Halliday and Hamza Alavi eds.,State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988), 137.
  11. Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples, 409.
  12. Ibid., 412-13.
  13. 흔히들 이스라엘은 주변 아랍국들이라는 골리앗에 맞서서 자신을 방어해야 했다고들 생각하지만, 사실 1967년에 이스라엘은 침략자였다. 1967년 전쟁과 1973년 전쟁에 대해서는 Norman Finkelstein, Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict (London: Verso, 1995)의 5장과 6장을 보시오. 이스라엘이 1948년부터 1973년까지 잇따라 ‘방어전’을 벌일 수밖에 없었다는 일반적 주장을 철저하게 파헤친 것은 Noam Chomsky, The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians(Boston: South End Press, 1983), 98-103을 보시오.
  14. Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples, 413-14.
  15. Marie-Christine Aulas, “Sadat’s Egypt,” New Left Review I/98: July-August 1976, 84.
  16. Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples, 419.
  17. Naseer Aruri, Dishonest Broker: The U.S. Role in Israel and Palestine (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2003), 21-22.
  18. Marvin Weinbaum, “Egypt’s ‘Infitah’ and the politics of U.S. economic assistance,” Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 21 no. 2 (April 1985): 217.
  19. Ibid., 206.
  20. Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples, 420-21.
  21. Judith Tucker and Joe Stork, “In the footsteps of Sadat,” MERIP Reports, no. 107 (July-August, 1982): 3.
  22. “The IMF’s model pupil,” The Economist (U.S. edition), March 20, 1999.
  23. Rick Kelly, “Bush administration defends US military aid to Egypt,” World Socialist Web Site, May 22, 2006.
  24. Charles Levinson, “$50 billion later, taking stock of U.S. aid to Egypt,” Christian Science Monitor, April 12, 2004.
  25. Council on Foreign Relations paper, “Strengthening the U.S.-Egyptian relationship,” May 2002, www.cfr.org/publication/8666
  26. Tariq Ali, Bush in Babylon: The Recolonisation of Iraq (London: Verso, 2003), 159.
  27. 2010년 1월 24일 필자가 이집트 사회주의자와 개인적으로 나눈 대화 내용이다.
  28. Lindsey, “Egypt’s wall.”
  29. Moshe Machover and A. Said (Jabra Nicola), “Arab revolution and national problems in the Arab East,” The International, Summer 1973.
  30. 이집트에서 식료품 가격이 폭등할 때 일어난 노동자 파업을 다룬 ISR의 기사는 Hossam El-Hamalawy, “Revolt in Mahalla,” International Socialist Review 59, May-June 2008을 보시오.
  31. 이런 노력들을 더 자세히 알고 싶으면 www.gazafreedommarch.org, www.vivapalestina.org, andwww.bdsmovement.net 등을 보시오.
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